Sains Malaysiana 54(6)(2025): 1509-1521

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2025-5406-07

 

Peningkatan Kecekapan Proses Penyahoksigenan Minyak Isirung Sawit kepada Biojet Fuel melalui Pengoptimuman Pemangkin FeMo/AC_B menggunakan Kaedah Rangsangan Permukaan

(Improving the Efficiency of Palm Kernel Oil Deoxygenation Process to Biojet Fuel through FeMo/AC_B Catalyst Optimization using Surface Stimulation Method)

 

N. ASIKIN-MIJAN^1,*, SALMA SAMIDIN², N. SYAHIRAH ZAKI¹, MEGAN XIN YI RAVINDRAN¹, MOHD SYAWAL YUSOP^1,5, ABDULKAREEM-ALSULTAN GHASSAN³, TAUFIQ-YAP YUN HIN¹ & LEE HWEI VOON⁴  

 

¹Jabatan Sains Kimia, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

²Jabatan Kejuruteraan Kimia & Proses, Fakulti Kejuruteraan & Alam Bina, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

³Pusat Kecemerlangan Sains dan Teknologi Katalisis (PutraCAT), Fakulti Sains, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

⁴Nanoteknologi dan Pusat Penyelidikan Katalsis (NanoCaT), Institut Pengajian Siswazah, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

⁵Jabatan Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Putra Malaysia Kampus Bintulu, 97008 Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia

 

Diserahkan: 19 September 2024/Diterima: 25 Februari 2025

 

Abstrak

Akibat daripada kesan pemanasan global dan krisis kehabisan sumber tenaga fosil, terdapat alternatif baharu untuk menggantikan penggunaan bahan api fosil kepada bahan api boleh diperbaharui iaitu biojet daripada proses penyahoksigenan (DO) minyak isirung sawit (PKO) menggunakan mangkin FeMo/AC_B. Proses pengoptimuman ke atas penyahoksigenan PKO menggunakan mangkin FeMo/AC_B telah dijalankan dengan metodologi rangsangan permukaan (RSM) bersama dengan reka bentuk komposit pusat (CCD). Tiga parameter telah difokuskan; jumlah mangkin (1-9) wt%, suhu tindak balas (270-350) ℃ dan tempoh tindak balas (30-300) min. Tindak balas yang dikaji ialah hasil selektiviti terhadap bahan api jet (BJF) aktiviti biojet. Model kuadratik dan model linear telah dipilih untuk menentukan selektiviti bahan api jet (C₁₀-C₁₇). Penilaian ke atas interaksi antara parameter telah dikaji dan keputusan menunjukkan bahawa kesan interaksi antara suhu tindak balas dan masa memberikan kesan impak yang besar terhadap kenaikan aktiviti DO. Pekali variasi dan R² masing-masing adalah3.38% dan 0.9652 menunjukkan ketepatan model yang tinggi. DO terus dioptimumkan menggunakan RSM dan keputusan menunjukkan bahawa tindak balas DO berjaya dicapai pada paras optimum suhu 320 °C dan masa tindak balas 165 minit dengan menghasikan 95% produk selektif terhadap bahan api jet.

Kata kunci: Kaedah Rangsangan Permukaan (RSM); mangkin; minyak isirung sawit (PKO); pengoptimuman; penyahoksigenan (DO)

 

Abstract

Due to the effects of global warming and the depletion of fossil fuel resources, new alternatives have emerged to replace fossil fuels with renewable fuels, such as biojet fuel from the deoxygenation (DO) process of palm kernel oil (PKO) using an FeMo/AC_B catalyst. The optimization process for the DO of PKO using the FeMo/AC_B catalyst was conducted using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) along with Central Composite Design (CCD). Three parameters were focused on: catalyst amount (1-9 wt%), reaction temperature (270-380 °C), and reaction time (30-240 min).  The response studied was the result of the secessivities to jet fuel (BJF) of biojet activity. Quadratic and linear models were selected to determine hydrocarbon selectivity/Bio jet (BJF) (C10-C17). The evaluation of the interactions between the parameters was studied, and the results showed that the interaction between reaction temperature and time had a significant impact on the increase in DO activity. The coefficient of variation and R² were 3.38% and 0.9652, respectively, suggesting high accurary of the model. DO was further optimized using RSM, and the results showed that the DO reaction was successfully achieved at an optimum temperature of 320 °C and a reaction time of 165 min with 95% bio jet fuel selectivity.

Keywords: Catalyst; deoxygenation (DO); optimization; palm kernel oil (PKO); Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

 

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: nurul.asikin@ukm.edu.my